What is the minimum flow rate required for attack lines during live fire training according to NFPA 1403?

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1403 sets the standard for conducting live fire training evolutions, and it provides critical guidelines to ensure the safety and effectiveness of such training events. According to NFPA 1403, the minimum flow rate required for attack lines during live fire training is specifically established to ensure that adequate water is available to suppress fires effectively and safely.

The requirement for a minimum flow rate of 95 gallons per minute (gpm) aligns with the need for sufficient water pressure and volume to control and extinguish fires during training exercises. This flow rate helps maintain a safe training environment while providing students with real-world scenarios that reflect the challenges they will face as firefighters. Adequate flow ensures that resources are efficient and that the training can be conducted without compromising safety standards.

The specified flow rate is designed to create an effective attack on the fire while allowing for proper stream management and adequate cooling of surrounding surfaces. Each of the other options presents a flow rate that falls below this requirement, which could hinder effective fire suppression during training scenarios and pose safety risks for participants.